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Mizuho Bank, Ltd. is one of the foundational institutions of modern Japanese finance, though its current form is a product of early 21st-century consolidation. The bank itself was established in 2002 as a core component of the newly formed Mizuho Financial Group (MHFG), resulting from the landmark merger of three major Japanese institutions: the Industrial Bank of Japan, Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank, and Fuji Bank. The lineage of this consolidation traces back to the Meiji era, specifically to the 1873 founding of Dai-Ichi Bank, Japan's first national bank. This merger initially created the world's first trillion-dollar banking group, and the bank as it operates today was finalized in 2013 when Mizuho Bank merged with Mizuho Corporate Bank to unify its retail and corporate banking services under one name.

Today, Mizuho Bank is the primary operating subsidiary of the publicly traded Mizuho Financial Group, Inc., and is widely recognized as one of Japan's three "megabanks," alongside Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group. Globally, it is designated as a Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB), reflecting its critical role in the international financial system. In the Indian financial landscape, Mizuho holds a significant position as a long-standing foreign bank, with a presence spanning nearly three decades, including five operational branches. Its main significance lies in facilitating trade and finance between India and Japan, serving over 1,000 corporate clients—many of them with Japanese linkages—and actively expanding its operations to leverage India's growing economy, including an investment in a local non-banking financial company and the establishment of a branch in GIFT City.